For Singapore Land Transport Authority (LTA) Mass Rapid Transit (MRT) projects, a schedule B4 -Degree Finish Dates with 1st Fix, 2nd Fix and 3rd Fix/Final Fix milestones for each of the Category A, B, C and D rooms and Key Finish milestones dates including Trackworks installation, 3rd Rail DC Power, Internal Overpressure Test, GenSet Test, Overpressure and Airflow Regime Test and Civil Defence Integrated Systems Test will be issued. Above is a sample.
Source: Energy University: Schneider Electric
Data Center Physical Infrastructure consists of the seven elements
There are 3 keys components to Data Center physical infrastructure
Some of the challenges face by Data Center today includes
⚔️Challenges:
💡 Solutions:
Integration of Power subsystem components towards pre-engineered, pre-manufactured solutions. Such solutions should be
2.❄️Cooling ❄️
Cooling systems that are required to remove heat from data center are
Cooling Challenges
Cooling Solutions
–Move away from unique system design towards more open system design
–Direct water cool system for high density racks above 10kw or large group of racks above 6kW
3. 🗄️Racks and Physical Structure
The most critical physical elements are
Electronic Industries Alliance EIA 310 is a common standard used for 19 inch rack mounting telecommunications and IT equipment.
Rack and Physical Structure Challenges
Rack and Physical Structure Solutons
4. 🛡️Security and 🔥Fire Protection Systems
Security and Fire protection systems are required to protect the integrity, safety and availability of the Data Center.
| Physical Security Devices | Fire Detection and Suppression |
| Biometric devices | Smoke Detector |
| Keys | Clean Agent(Gas) Fire Suppression systems eg. FM200, Novec 1230 |
| Codes | Heat Detector |
| Cards | |
| CCTV |
National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) NAFA 75- standard for the protection of electronic computer and data processing equipment. In the 2003 edition of NFPA 75 (8.4.2.1) allows data centers to continue to power the electronic equipment upon activation of gaseous agent total flooding system,provided the data center has the following risk considerations:
5.🔌Cabling
Cabling make up a significant portion of the IT budget, thus in order to avoid unnecessary wastage is through Proper Design and selection of Core Components.
Proper usage of Cable Tray and management system devices will help to reduce downtime due to human errors and overheating.
Data Cable best practice are
Electrical Cable Installation (Singapore Standard SS 638 : 2018 or CP5)
6.👨🏻💼Management
Management is an element that encompass all other elements and having visibility to all the components of the physical infrastructure.
Management include the following
Management include
Essentials Category of Data Center Managements include
A holistic Data Center Management solution should be integrated with open IT systems in order
7.🛎️Services
There is a broad range of services required to support the Data Center Systems
Data Center availability success is highly dependent on the supporting services.
Project cost management can utilize Microsoft Power BI (Business Intelligence) for data analysis of the cost data and generate Data Visualization as shown below. As Microsoft Power BI is a Cloud base application, it can be sync between the desktop and the mobile phone application which is ideal for regional manager to keep tap of updates on the go.
Through Data visualization, large amount of data can be analyze in a shorter time.
As Microsoft Power BI is an interactive software, it can capture the audience attention by pairing with Microsoft Teams Video conferencing software for better results.
Agile Project Management with SCRUM
Agile project management is an iterative approach to delivering a project throughout its life cycle. Scrum is one of the agile methodologies designed to guide teams in the iterative and incremental delivery of a product. Often referred to as “an agile project management framework,” its focus is on the use of an empirical process that allows teams to respond rapidly, efficiently, and effectively to change.
| Traditional project management | Agile Project Management -SCRUM |
| Fix requirements to control time and cost | Fixes Time and Cost to control requirements |
| Business knows the product and require the project management to execute base on requirement. | Frequent feedback collaboration with business to create the product. |
| Design is defined during project initiation or early in project to translate into project requirements -Design Freeze | Design start with a broad vision and constant development toward the end product.
Constant Development/Continuous Integration CD/CI |
Stacey Diagram- when to use Agile Project Management
| Life Cycle | Requirements | Activities | Delivery | Goal |
| Predictive | Fixed | Performed once for entire project | Single Delivery | Manage Cost |
| Iterative | Dynamic | Repeated until correct | Single Delivery | Correctness of solution |
| Incremental | Dynamic | Performed once for given increment | Frequent smaller deliveries | Speed |
| Agile | Dynamic | Repeat until correct | Frequent small deliveries | Customer value via frequent deliveries and feedback. |
Stacey Diagram- when to use Agile Project Management
Project Manager can adopt a servant leadership role in an agile project and take up the role of a Coach, promoting
Agile Roles in local Singapore terms
Cross-Functional Team Members (“Kay Poh” King)
Product Owner (“Sai Kang” Warrior) -Customer Facing
Team Facilitator (“One Leg Kick”)
Sample Agile Management Digital Cloud base Kanban board -Trello
Currently there are a number of collaboration software like Trello, Monday.com which can be used for the digital Kanban board which can sync with your application on your laptop, PC and mobile phone application and save you time in transferring information as it is Cloud based.
Team Performance
Agile Manifesto Values
Working software over comprehensive documentation.
Principles:
Working software is the primary measure of progress.
| No | Manifestos Value | Agile Practices |
| 1 | Individuals and interactions over process and tools. | Servant Leadership
Team composition Regular Stand Up |
| 2 | Working software over comprehensive documentation | Backlogs
Demo/ review |
| 3 | Customer collaboration over contract negotiation. | Measurements in agile projects
Procurement and contracts Organization standards Team composition. |
| 4 | Responding to change over following a plan. | Retrospective
Backlog refinement Demo/review. |
SCRUM- Agile Project Management Methodology
Scrum –Development Team (Squad)
SCRUM meeting
Attendees
Duration
Objective
A Fire Safety Certificate (FSC) provides for the safety of the building’s occupants. Therefore, owners and their Qualified Persons (QP) whom they have engaged for their fire safety works are required to apply and obtain the FSC (application takes about 1 week)before using or occupying the premises. The FSC is only issued after full completion of all fire safety works in the project. Failure to comply with this is an offence under the Fire Safety Act and the owner is liable to court action.
消防安全證書（FSC）确保建築物居民的安全。因此，在使用或占用房屋之前，業主和其從事消防安全工作的检查合格人員（QP）必須申請並獲得FSC（申請大約需要1週）。只有在該項目的所有消防安全工作完全完成後，才能發布FSC。根據《消防安全法》的規定，不遵守此規定將構成犯罪，業主可被起訴。
A building owner may also obtain a Temporary Fire Permit (TFP) to use the premises for a limited period before obtaining the FSC. The TFP is only issued if the fire safety works of the project have been satisfactorily completed with only very minor outstanding issues. The timeframe to obtain the FSC after the TFP is issued depends on the size, type and complexity of the project.
建築大樓業主還可以在獲得FSC之前獲得臨時防火許可證（TFP）在有限的時間內使用房屋。只有在該項目的消防安全工程已經令人滿意地完成且僅有非常少的未解決問題的情況下，才簽發TFP。簽發TFP後獲得FSC的時間取決於項目的規模，類型和復雜性。
Usually the Qualified Person (QP) will submit a approved and endorsed design drawings (Architectural, Mechanical & Electrical Drawings) to SCDF for a Notice Of Approval (takes about 2 weeks) before construction start. An Acknowledge Letter will be issue by SCDF as shown below for receipt of drawings /plans.
通常，驗收合格人員（QP）會在開始施工之前向SCDF提交批准並認可的設計圖（建築，機械和電氣圖），以進行批准通知（大約2週）。 SCDF將簽發一封確認函，如下所示，以接收圖紙/計劃。
You should only apply for an FSC/TFP after:
You also need an Inspection Certificate issued by a Registered Inspector (RI). Depending on the type of project, a RI (Architecture) and a RI (M & E) may be needed. Owners must engage RIs to inspect and certify the fire safety works of their project before applying to SCDF for an FSC/TFP.
| No | Activity | Duration |
| 1 | Appointment of Qualified Person (QP)
->Letter of Appointment of QP |
1 week |
| 2 | Appointment of Registered Inspector (Arch & M&E)
->Letter of Appointment for RI |
1 week |
| 3 | Finalization of Design Layout Drawings | 1 -2weeks
(depends on project complexity) |
| 4 | Establish Fire layout plan | 1 week |
| 5 | Submission of drawings and plan to SCDF for Notice of Approval (NOA)
(Acknowledge letter to be receive.) |
3 days |
| 6 | Notice of Approval issued by SCDF | 1-2 weeks after submission if SCDF do not have comments. |
| 7 | Registered Inspection by RI(Arch) and RI(M&E) | 1 -3 days
(depend on project complexity) |
| 8 | Rectification of RI comments | 1 week |
| 9 | RI(Arch) and RI(M&E) submit to QP
1. RI Inspection Certificate (Form 1 and 2) 2. RI Report |
3 days |
| 10 | SCDF Fire Safety Certificate application by QP through CORENET e-submission with
1. TFP/FSC application form [FSSD-0-CSCDFSC01] 2. CFSW (Certification for Fire Safety Works form (FSSD-0-CFSW) 3. RI Inspection Certificates (Form 1 and 2) 4. RI Inspection Report 5. Letter of Appointment for RI |
Application takes about 1-2 weeks. |
More information at the following SCDF link:
Cleanroom (Definition)
A room in which contamination of airborne particles is controlled and which is constructed and used in a manner to minimize the introduction, generation, and retention of particles inside the room and in which other relevant parameters, eg. Temperature, humidity, and pressure are controlled as necessary.
Cleanroom
A room in which the concentration of airborne particles is controlled and which contains one or more clean zones.
Clean Zone
A define space in which the concentration of airborne particles is controlled to meet a specified airborne particulate cleanliness class.
ISO Class 4 Cleanroom
352 airborne particles at 0.5µm size within a volume unit of 1m².
Federal Standard Class 10 Cleanroom
10 airborne particles at 0.5µm size within a volume unit of 1ft².
A cleanroom (facility) that is complete and ready for operation with all the services connected and functional but without equipment or personnel in the facility.
A cleanroom (facility) in normal operation with all services functioning and with equipment and personnel, if applicable present and performing their normal work functions in the facility.
Influencing factors that can harm the product/ process. Operator
Particulate and Gaseous Contaminants
An agent of biological origin that has the capacity to produce deleterious effects on humans, i.e. micro-organisms, toxins, and allergens derived from those organisms; and allergens and toxins derived from higher plants and animals.
The application of combinations of laboratory practice and procedures, laboratory facilities and safety equipment when working with potentially infectious microorganisms.
Suitable for work with dangerous and exotic agents that pose a high individual risk of aerosol- transmitted laboratory infectious and life threatening disease.
IFC 2015, Section 608
Section 608 applies to stationary storage battery systems having an electrolyte capacity of more than 50 gal for flooded lead-acid, nickel-cadmium (Ni-Cd), and VRLA or more than 1,000 lb for Li-ion and lithium-metal-polymer used for facility standby power, emergency power, or UPS.
As defined by IFC 608.6.1, room ventilation:
Ventilation shall be provided in accordance with the International Mechanical Code and the following:
Exception: Li-ion and lithium-metal-polymer batteries shall not require additional ventilation beyond that which would normally be required for human occupancy of the space in accordance with the International Mechanical Code.
The two ventilation requirements are not an “either/or” permissive option. This is contrary to the requirements of NFPA 1.
Other generic provisions of IFC Section 608 include the following:
NFPA 1-2015, Chapter 52
NFPA 1 is not as frequently adopted by municipalities as the IFC. While the basic requirements of NFPA 1 generally parallel those of the IFC, the technical provisions within NFPA 1 do have significant difference that can impacted the design of related battery ventilation systems. These requirements are as follows:
Chapter 52 applies to stationary storage battery systems having an electrolyte capacity of more than 100 gal in sprinklered buildings or 50 gal in nonsprinklered buildings for flooded lead-acid, Ni-Cd, and VRLA batteries or 1,000 lbs for Li-ion and lithium-metal-polymer batteries used for facility standby power, emergency power, or UPS. This is a significantly lower threshold than that in IFC.
NFPA 1, 52.3.6 Ventilation indicates:
For flooded lead-acid, flooded Ni-Cd, and VRLA batteries, ventilation shall be provided for rooms and cabinets in accordance with the International Mechanical Code and one of the following:
This language allows for significantly more flexibility than IFC. Other provisions of Chapter 52 include the following, which are not addressed in the IFC:
Lithium Ion Battery Fire Video
by Jeff
Water Spurting from the cable ends via capillary action from the ground water.
The earthing cable is embedded in the structural column.
The above photo show the different stages of 11kV Cable termination into a Ring Main Unit (RMU).
In Stage 2, the 11kV cable has been pulled into the RMU and the cable end has been prepared for termination to the RMU. Note the grounding braided tape connected to the housing and the insulation sleeve which has been put in place before the termination begin.
The above photo show the stage 3 or 4 when the cable termination is completed. Note the grounding tape and data cable installation.
